Niacin, also known as Vitamin B3 is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in our body. It is one of the eight B-vitamins that converts food into energy. It is also involved in the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fats.

Niacin has several important functions including energy metabolism, which helps in the conversion of carbohydrate, protein and fats into energy. Niacin is also important for DNA repair, skin health and nervous system function. 

Niacin is important in pregnancy as it plays a crucial role in the development of pregnant mother and the developing baby.

1. Foetal development – Helps in the synthesis and repair of DNA

2. Energy metabolism – Helps convertt carbohydrates, protein and fats into energy to provide the necessary nutrients for both mother and the little one

3. Maternal health – Support various physiological processes and helps to maintain healthy skin, digestive and nervous system 

The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for niacin or vitamin B3 varies during pregnancy based on the stage of pregnancy and individual factors. It is important to note that individual requirements may vary and pregnant women should consult with their healthcare providers for personalized advice. 

Niacin deficiency can lead to a range of symptoms affecting the skin, digestive system, and nervous system. However, it can occur in certain situations where there is a lack of niacin in the diet or problems with niacin absorption. Some of the symptoms may include fatigue, skin rash, inflammation, diarrhoea and even dementia.

Overconsumption of intake can lead to a few uncomfortable symptoms which may include :

1. Flushing: Involved the sudden reddening and warming of the skin, often accompanied by a tingling sensation

2. Nausea and vomiting

3. Gastrointestinal issues: Overconsumption may cause other digestive issues such as abdominal pain or even diarrhoea

4. Itching or rash 

1. Meat and poultry: Chicken breast, turkey, beef and pork

2. Fish: Tuna, mackerel

3. Dairy products: Yoghurt, milk

4. Nuts and seeds: Peanuts

5. Vegetables: Mushrooms, sweet potatoes

There are a few niacin supplements that are commonly taken to prevent deficiencies which includes nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. There are some effects with taking some niacin supplements.

1. Cardiovascular health: Niacin intake helps with the overall cardiovascular health, including reducing the risk of heart disease

2.  Liver function: Regular monitoring of liver enzymes is recommended for individuals taking niacin supplements.

3. Cholesterol management: Taking niaicin can increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)

4. Treatment of niacin deficiency: Niacin supplements are prescribed to treat pellagra, a condition caused by severe niacin deficiency.